Science and Technology

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1.During transcription, the enzyme that adds ribonucleotides to the growing RNA chain is:
  • ADNA polymerase
  • BRNA polymerase
  • CHelicase
  • DLigase

Explanation

RNA polymerase synthesizes RNA by catalysing the addition of ribonucleotides complementary to the DNA template strand.
2.Which of the following is an example of a biofertilizer?
  • ARhizobium
  • BAzospirillum
  • CPseudomonas
  • DAll of the above

Explanation

Rhizobium, Azospirillum, and Pseudomonas are all examples of biofertilizers, which are microorganisms that provide nutrients to plants.
3.Which of the following statements about a MOSFET is FALSE?
  • AIt is a voltage‑controlled device
  • BIts gate draws negligible steady‑state current
  • CIt can operate in both depletion and enhancement modes
  • DIts drain current is directly proportional to gate current

Explanation

In a MOSFET, the gate is insulated from the channel; therefore the gate current is practically zero, and drain current is controlled by gate voltage, not gate current.
4.Which of the following is the chemical symbol for gold?
  • AAu
  • BAg
  • CGd
  • DGa

Explanation

The symbol Au is derived from the Latin name 'Aurum' for gold. Silver is Ag, Gadolinium is Gd, and Gallium is Ga.
5.In public‑key cryptography, which pair of algorithms is correctly matched for digital signatures?
  • ARSA for encryption, AES for signing
  • BDSA for signing, RSA for verification
  • CDSA for signing, DSA for verification
  • DECC for signing, RSA for verification

Explanation

Digital signatures typically use the same algorithm for signing and verification; DSA (Digital Signature Algorithm) is designed specifically for this purpose.
6.Which bio‑informatics tool is primarily used for aligning multiple protein sequences to infer phylogeny?
  • ABLAST
  • BClustalW
  • CFASTA
  • DRAPD

Explanation

ClustalW performs multiple sequence alignment, allowing researchers to compare several protein sequences simultaneously and construct phylogenetic trees.
7.The term "6G" refers to:
  • ASixth generation of genomic sequencing technologies
  • BSixth generation of mobile communication standards
  • CSixth generation of artificial intelligence algorithms
  • DSixth generation of quantum computers

Explanation

6G is the forthcoming generation of wireless communication expected to provide data rates of 1 Tbps, ultra‑low latency, and integration with AI, satellite and terahertz technologies, succeeding 5G.
8.Consider a thermodynamic system undergoing a cyclic process composed of two isothermal and two adiabatic steps (a Stirling cycle). Which of the following statements is true about the net heat exchange with the reservoirs?
  • AHeat is absorbed only during the isothermal expansion and rejected only during the isothermal compression.
  • BHeat is absorbed during both isothermal and adiabatic steps.
  • CNet heat exchange is zero because the process is cyclic.
  • DHeat is absorbed during adiabatic compression and rejected during adiabatic expansion.

Explanation

In a Stirling cycle, the two isothermal processes involve heat transfer (absorption during expansion, rejection during compression). The adiabatic steps are thermally insulated, so no heat exchange occurs there.
9.Which of the following is an example of a biotechnology product?
  • AInsulin
  • BVaccines
  • CMonoclonal antibodies
  • DAll of the above

Explanation

Insulin, vaccines, and monoclonal antibodies are all examples of biotechnology products, which are developed using biotechnology techniques and are used to diagnose, treat, or prevent diseases.
10.

With reference to space observation techniques and exoplanet research, consider the following statements:

  1. The "transmission strings" method (transit mapping) tracks an exoplanet as it crosses in front of its star, capturing light spectra across different angles of the atmospheric limb.

  2. Observational mapping of the hot Jupiter WASP-17b revealed a perfectly spherical planet with uniform atmospheric temperatures across all sides.

  3. Spectroscopic data confirmed that key atmospheric molecules like water and carbon dioxide are present across the atmospheric limb of WASP-17b.

How many of the above statements are correct?

  • A

    Only one

  • B

    only two

  • C

    All three

  • D

    None

Explanation

  • Statement 1 is correct: Transmission strings or transit mapping utilizes space telescope measurements (such as JWST) as a planet crosses its host star, mapping variations in radius and light spectra along different points of the planetary limb.

  • Statement 2 is incorrect: Observations of WASP-17b by Cornell researchers resolved uneven contours—a circle-like but slightly egg-shaped planet with an inflated "evening" side caused by intense heat and powerful atmospheric winds blowing from the day side.

  • Statement 3 is correct: Spectroscopic analysis from the JWST TST DREAMS program confirmed that key molecules, specifically water ($H_2O$) and carbon dioxide ($CO_2$), were consistently distributed around WASP-17b's atmospheric limb.

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