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1.Which of the following is considered a non‑state actor contributing to emerging internal security threats in India?
- APolitical parties
- BInternational NGOs
- CInsurgent groups like CPI (Maoist)
- DState governments
Explanation
Insurgent groups such as the CPI (Maoist) are non‑state actors that employ guerrilla tactics and have been a growing internal security challenge, unlike political parties or state governments which operate within constitutional frameworks.
2.Which of the following best explains the 'Security–Development Nexus' in the context of Northeast India?
- AEconomic growth automatically leads to peace, irrespective of ethnic grievances.
- BSecurity operations are prioritized over all development activities.
- CIntegrated approaches where development projects are designed with local stakeholder participation to address root causes of insurgency.
- DInternational aid is the sole driver of peace in the region.
Explanation
The nexus stresses that sustainable peace requires development initiatives that are inclusive, address grievances, and are undertaken alongside calibrated security measures, especially in insurgency‑prone regions like the Northeast.
3.Which provision allows the ED to attach properties located outside India under the PMLA?
- ASection 45(5)
- BSection 57
- CSection 12B
- DSection 42A
Explanation
Section 45(5) empowers the ED to provisionally attach assets situated abroad, subject to compliance with the provisions of the Foreign Exchange Management Act and international cooperation.
4.Which statement correctly distinguishes internal from external security threats?
- AInternal threats are only ideological, while external threats are only military.
- BInternal threats arise within the territory and affect law & order, whereas external threats involve aggression from other states.
- CInternal threats are always non‑violent, whereas external threats are always violent.
- DExternal threats do not impact economic security, but internal threats do.
Explanation
Internal security threats originate inside the country's borders and typically impact law‑and‑order, public order, and internal stability (e.g., insurgency, communal riots). External threats are actions by foreign states or non‑state actors that challenge sovereignty, such as conventional warfare or cross‑border terrorism.
5.Which of the following agencies is responsible for gathering intelligence on internal security threats?
- AIntelligence Bureau
- BCentral Bureau of Investigation
- CNational Investigation Agency
- DResearch and Analysis Wing
Explanation
The Intelligence Bureau is responsible for gathering intelligence on internal security threats, including terrorism, militancy, and other security threats. The Intelligence Bureau provides strategic analysis and intelligence to the government to inform policy decisions and operational responses.
6.Which Supreme Court judgment highlighted the tension between UAPA’s preventive detention provisions and the constitutional right to personal liberty, leading to a landmark ruling in 2021?
- AM. S. Jaspal v. Union of India
- BArun Kumar v. State of Tamil Nadu
- CMohan Lal v. Union of India
- DBajrang Dal v. Union of India
Explanation
In *Mohan Lal v. Union of India* (2021), the Supreme Court examined the bail provisions under UAPA and underscored that bail should be the rule rather than the exception, balancing the state’s security concerns with the individual's right to liberty under Article 21 of the Constitution.
7.Domestic terrorism in India is primarily characterized by:
- AOperations launched from abroad targeting Indian interests
- BActs committed by non-state actors within Indian territory against Indian citizens or the state
- CState-sponsored attacks on foreign diplomats in New Delhi
- DCross‑border infiltration by foreign intelligence agencies
Explanation
Domestic terrorism involves non‑state actors operating inside the country's borders, targeting the government, civilians, or infrastructure to further ideological or separatist goals.
8.What does the term 'Left Wing Extremism (LWE)' primarily refer to in the Indian internal security context?
- AArmed insurgency inspired by Marxist‑Leninist ideology, mainly in the rural and tribal belts
- BExtremist activities carried out by right‑wing nationalist groups
- CCyber‑based attacks on government infrastructure
- DReligious fundamentalist terrorism
Explanation
LWE denotes the armed, Maoist‑inspired insurgency that seeks to overthrow the Indian state through a pro‑people armed struggle, predominantly active in the forested and tribal regions of central and eastern India. It is distinct from right‑wing, cyber or religious extremisms.
9.Which amendment introduced the concept of 'terrorist financing' into the Unlawful Activities (Prevention) Act?
- A2004 Amendment
- B2008 Amendment
- C2010 Amendment
- D2019 Amendment
Explanation
The 2019 amendment to UAPA expanded the definition of 'unlawful activity' to include terrorist financing, aligning the law with global counter‑terrorism standards.
10.The sharp increase in drone‑based infiltration across the LoC was first observed in which year?
- A2014
- B2015
- C2016
- D2017
Explanation
Open‑source reports and security briefings indicate that 2016 marked the first noticeable surge in the use of commercially available quadcopter drones for transporting small arms, explosives and narcotics across the LoC, prompting a revamp of surveillance measures.
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