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1.Consider the following Himalayan mountain passes:
1. Shipki La
2. Jelep La
3. Zoji La
4. Bomdi La
What is the correct sequence of these passes when arranged from West to East?
- A3 - 1 - 2 - 4
- B1 - 3 - 2 - 4
- C3 - 1 - 4 - 2
- D1 - 3 - 4 - 2
Explanation
The correct longitudinal sequence from West to East is: Zoji La (located in Ladakh/Jammu & Kashmir) -> Shipki La (Himachal Pradesh, near the India-China border) -> Jelep La (Sikkim, passing through the Chumbi Valley) -> Bomdi La (Arunachal Pradesh). Hence, the correct order is 3-1-2-4.
2.
With reference to recent Indian Railways projects inaugurated in Chhattisgarh, consider the following statements:
The completion of the Tadoki–Rowghat rail section marked the operational completion of the 95-km Dalli-Rajhara–Rowghat railway line project.
The railway expansion establishes direct rail link access to the Bastar region, connecting remote southern Chhattisgarh to the national rail grid.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
- A
1 only
- B
2 only
- C
Both 1 and 2
- D
Neither 1 nor 2
Explanation
Statement 1 is correct: The 17.5-km Tadoki–Rowghat stretch completed the full operational status of the 95-km Dalli-Rajhara–Rowghat rail line built at a cost of ₹1,628 crore.
Statement 2 is correct: The arrival of passenger train services at Rowghat connects the remote, mineral-rich southern Bastar region to the broad-gauge national rail network for the first time since Independence.
3.The part of the Himalayas lying between the Indus and Satluj rivers is traditionally known as which of the following?
- APunjab Himalayas
- BKumaon Himalayas
- CNepal Himalayas
- DAssam Himalayas
Explanation
The longitudinal divisions of the Himalayas from west to east are demarcated by river valleys. The part lying between the Indus and Satluj rivers is traditionally known as the Punjab Himalayas (also regionally referred to as Kashmir and Himachal Himalayas).
4.In the context of Indian Geography, the term 'Karewas' refers to:
- AGlacial terraces found in the valleys of Arunachal Pradesh.
- BLacustrine deposits of clay and other materials embedded with moraines found in the Kashmir Valley.
- CWind-blown loess deposits found in the Thar desert.
- DHighly fertile alluvial plains formed by the Brahmaputra river.
Explanation
Karewas are lacustrine (lake-deposited) silt, clay, and sand formations embedded with moraines found in the Kashmir Valley and Bhadarwah Valley of Jammu division. They are highly fertile flat-topped terraces crucial for the cultivation of 'Zafran' (a local variety of saffron), almonds, walnuts, and orchards.
5.With reference to the physical characteristics of the Himalayas, consider the following statements:
1. The Himalayas terminate sharply at both the western and eastern ends, curving southward in sharp bends called syntaxial bends.
2. The Indus River cuts a deep gorge near the western syntaxial bend near Nanga Parbat.
3. The Brahmaputra River cuts a deep gorge near the eastern syntaxial bend near Namcha Barwa.
Which of the statements given above are correct?
- A1 and 2 only
- B2 and 3 only
- C1 and 3 only
- D1, 2 and 3
Explanation
All three statements are correct. The Himalayas exhibit syntaxial (hairpin) bends at both their western (around Nanga Parbat, where the Indus River cuts a deep gorge) and eastern (around Namcha Barwa, where the Tsangpo/Brahmaputra River cuts a deep gorge and enters India) extremities, causing the ranges to sweep sharply southwards.
6.Consider the following pairs of mountain passes and the Indian States/Union Territories they are located in:
1. Shipki La : Himachal Pradesh
2. Jelep La : Uttarakhand
3. Bomdi La : Arunachal Pradesh
Which of the pairs given above are correctly matched?
- A1 and 2 only
- B1 and 3 only
- C2 and 3 only
- D1, 2 and 3
Explanation
Pairs 1 and 3 are correctly matched. Shipki La is a mountain pass and border post on the India-China border in Himachal Pradesh. Bomdi La connects Arunachal Pradesh with Lhasa, Tibet. Pair 2 is incorrectly matched: Jelep La is located in Sikkim (connecting Sikkim with Lhasa, Tibet), not Uttarakhand. Famous passes of Uttarakhand include Lipulekh, Mana Pass, and Niti Pass.
7.In which Indian state is the famous 'Nathu La Pass' located?
- AHimachal Pradesh
- BUttarakhand
- CSikkim
- DArunachal Pradesh
Explanation
Nathu La is a mountain pass in the Himalayas that connects the Indian state of Sikkim with China's Tibet Autonomous Region. It was reopened in 2006 for border trade.
8.Consider the following statements regarding the structural divisions of the Himalayas:
1. The core of the Great Himalayas is composed of granite.
2. The Main Central Thrust (MCT) separates the Great Himalayas from the Lesser Himalayas.
3. The Shiwalik range is the southernmost range of the Himalayas and is formed of unconsolidated sediments brought down by rivers.
Which of the statements given above are correct?
- A1 and 2 only
- B2 and 3 only
- C1 and 3 only
- D1, 2 and 3
Explanation
All three statements are correct. 1. The core of the Great Himalayas (Himadri) is asymmetrical in nature and primarily composed of granite and gneiss. 2. The Main Central Thrust (MCT) is a major geological fault that separates the Great Himalayas from the Lesser (or Middle) Himalayas. 3. The Shiwaliks are the outermost and youngest range of the Himalayas, composed of loose, unconsolidated sediments deposited by rivers flowing from the main Himalayan ranges.
9.Consider the following statements regarding the Shiwalik and Lesser Himalayan ranges:
1. The longitudinal flat-bottomed valleys lying between the Himachal (Lesser Himalayas) and the Shiwaliks are known as 'Duns' in the west and 'Duars' in the east.
2. The southern slopes of the Shiwalik range in Punjab and Himachal Pradesh are highly dissected by seasonal streams locally known as 'Chos'.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
- A1 only
- B2 only
- CBoth 1 and 2
- DNeither 1 nor 2
Explanation
Both statements are correct. The longitudinal valleys between the Lesser Himalayas and the Shiwaliks are called Duns (e.g., Dehradun, Patli Dun) in the west and Duars in the east. Additionally, the southern slopes of the Shiwaliks in Punjab and Himachal Pradesh are heavily dissected by seasonal torrential streams called 'Chos', which cause severe soil erosion.
10.Which of the following is the youngest and southernmost range of the Himalayas?
- AHimadri
- BHimachal
- CShiwalik
- DKarakoram
Explanation
The Shiwaliks (or Outer Himalayas) are the southernmost and the youngest range of the Himalayan mountain system. They are composed of unconsolidated sediments brought down by rivers from the main Himalayan ranges located farther north.
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