Environment

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1.

UN food agencies (FAO and WFP) have appealed for $202 million to shield people from the risks associated with which weather pattern?

  • A

    La Niña

  • B

    El Niño

  • C

    Indian Ocean Dipole

  • D

    Southwest Monsoon

Explanation

The FAO and WFP appealed for $202 million to protect 8.8 million people in 22 high-risk countries from El Niño-related droughts, floods, and storms.

o Why others are incorrect: A, C, and D are not mentioned as the specific drivers for this $202 million funding appeal.

2.Which Indian policy instrument directly targets reduction of greenhouse gas emissions from the power sector?
  • ANational Solar Mission
  • BPerform, Achieve and Trade (PAT) Scheme
  • CNational Clean Air Programme (NCAP)
  • DFaster Adoption and Manufacturing of Hybrid & Electric Vehicles (FAME) Scheme

Explanation

PAT, under the National Mission for Enhanced Energy Efficiency, sets energy‑intensity targets for large industrial units, including thermal power plants, thereby curbing CO₂ emissions.
3.

Consider the following statements regarding the decisions taken in the 30th meeting of the CAQM:

  1. The threshold for mandatory web-portal registration for Construction & Demolition (C&D) sites remains at 500 square metres.

  2. The Commission issued Advisory No. 18 to reschedule physical sports competitions in November–December to protect student health.

  3. Monitoring of C&D projects has been strictly limited to those within municipal limits.

Which of the statements given above are correct?

  • A

    1 and 2 only

  • B

    2 and 3 only

  • C

    1 and 3 only

  • D

    1, 2, and 3

Explanation

  • Statement 1 is correct: The existing threshold of 500 square metres or greater remains unchanged.

  • Statement 2 is correct: This specific advisory (No. 18) was noted during the meeting, focusing on air quality trends and student health during the peak pollution months.

  • Statement 3 is incorrect: The amendment explicitly extends the monitoring mechanism to projects beyond municipal limits, including industrial zones and highway corridors.

4.

Shsh

  • A

    1

  • B

    2

  • C

    3

  • D

    3

5.The Forest Rights Act (FRA), 2006, recognizes the rights of forest‑dwelling communities over:
  • AOnly timber resources.
  • BAll forest produce, but not land ownership.
  • CBoth forest land (including rights of occupation and use) and forest produce.
  • DOnly community‑owned non‑forest lands adjacent to forests.

Explanation

FRA confers both individual and community rights over forest land (including habitation and cultivation) and forest produce, subject to verification and settlement procedures.
6.

The Union Cabinet recently approved the Green Energy Corridor Phase-III (GEC-III) scheme. In this context, what is the significance of the 50 GWh Battery Energy Storage Systems (BESS) included in the scheme?

  • A

    To replace all existing coal-based evacuation systems by FY 2032-33.

  • B

    To address grid intermittency and meet electricity demand during non-solar hours.

  • C

    To provide a dedicated transmission line for nuclear energy only.

  • D

    To eliminate the need for Central Financial Assistance in the power sector.

Explanation

GEC-III aims to evacuate 135 GW of renewable energy. Because solar and wind energy are intermittent, the 50 GWh BESS is critical for grid flexibility. It addresses peak-hour curtailment and ensures power availability when renewable generation is low, supporting the national target of 900 GW non-fossil capacity by 2035.

7.

Regarding international environmental health frameworks and lead control strategies, consider the following statements:

  1. Unsafe recycling of lead-acid batteries represents a major global source of lead contamination in soil, dust, and water.

  2. Environmental monitoring measures absorbed chemical concentrations directly inside human organs, whereas blood surveillance measures pollutant levels in soil.

  3. The WHO draft Global Action Plan on Lead Mitigation proposes multisectoral strategies spanning product regulation, waste management, and health system capacity.

How many of the above statements are correct?

  • A

    only one

  • B

    only two

  • C

    All three

  • D

    none

Explanation

  • Statement 1 is correct: Informal or unsafe recycling of lead-acid batteries releases severe toxic lead pollution into surrounding soil, air, and water, posing grave risks to nearby communities and workers.

  • Statement 2 is incorrect: The definitions are inverted. Environmental monitoring tracks pollutant concentration in ambient surroundings (air, water, soil, paint), whereas blood lead surveillance measures actual absorbed biological exposure inside human beings.

  • Statement 3 is correct: The draft plan integrates source control, health surveillance, industrial regulations, safe recycling, and inter-ministerial enforcement to mitigate preventable lead risks globally.

8.Which of the following species is NOT a characteristic tree of the Western Ghats Tropical Montane Forests (Shola forests)?
  • AStrobilanthes kunthiana (Neelakurinji)
  • BRhododendron arboretum
  • CMyrtus communis
  • DRhododendron indicum

Explanation

Myrtus communis is a Mediterranean shrub and does not occur naturally in the Shola ecosystems of the Western Ghats.
9.The concept of "climate justice" primarily emphasizes:
  • AEqual distribution of renewable energy subsidies across all states
  • BResponsibility of developed nations to bear higher mitigation costs for historical emissions
  • CImplementation of carbon taxes in developing economies
  • DUniform adaptation measures irrespective of vulnerability

Explanation

Climate justice stresses that nations which have contributed most to historic greenhouse gas emissions (largely developed countries) should shoulder a larger share of mitigation financing and support vulnerable, less-responsible nations.
10.Which of the following processes removes carbon dioxide from the atmosphere on geological time scales?
  • APhotosynthesis
  • BOceanic dissolution
  • CSilicate weathering and carbonate formation
  • DMethane oxidation

Explanation

Silicate weathering draws down CO₂, eventually forming carbonate rocks that store carbon for millions of years, a key long‑term sink.

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