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1.What is the role of genetic engineering in biotechnology?
- ATo introduce a specific gene into an organism
- BTo delete a specific gene from an organism
- CTo modify a specific gene in an organism
- DAll of the above
Explanation
Genetic engineering involves the direct manipulation of an organism's genes using biotechnology techniques, allowing for the introduction, deletion, or modification of specific genes to produce desired traits or products.
2.Which of the following biomolecules is primarily responsible for the storage of genetic information?
- AProteins
- BLipids
- CCarbohydrates
- DNucleic acids
Explanation
Nucleic acids (DNA and RNA) store and transmit genetic information in living organisms.
3.Which indigenous UAV developed by DRDO is categorized as a Medium Altitude Long Endurance (MALE) system?
- ALakshya
- BRustom
- CNetra
- DAstra
Explanation
Rustom (Rustom‑H) is a MALE UAV with a wingspan of 12 m, designed for ISR (Intelligence, Surveillance, Reconnaissance) missions. Lakshya is a target drone, Netra is a nano‑UAV, and Astra is a surface‑to‑air missile.
4.The ‘Warburg effect’ observed in many cancer cells primarily refers to:
- AIncreased oxidative phosphorylation despite low oxygen levels.
- BPreference for glycolysis over oxidative phosphorylation even in the presence of oxygen.
- CEnhanced fatty acid oxidation to meet energy demands.
- DReduced glucose uptake due to mitochondrial defects.
Explanation
The Warburg effect describes how cancer cells favor aerobic glycolysis (producing lactate from glucose) despite adequate oxygen, facilitating rapid biomass production.
5.Which of the following technologies is most suitable for ensuring confidentiality of data against future quantum computer attacks?
- AAES‑256 encryption
- BRSA‑2048 encryption
- CPost‑quantum lattice‑based cryptography
- DDES encryption
Explanation
Lattice‑based cryptographic schemes are part of post‑quantum cryptography, designed to resist attacks from quantum computers, unlike RSA or DES which can be broken by Shor’s algorithm.
6.In the phenomenon of optical activity, a linearly polarized light rotates as it passes through certain substances. The angle of rotation α is proportional to:
- AThe square of the path length
- BThe path length and the concentration of the optically active substance
- COnly the wavelength of light
- DThe inverse of the temperature
Explanation
Optical rotation α = [α]·l·c, where [α] is the specific rotation, l is the path length, and c is the concentration (or density) of the optically active medium.
7.Which Indian institute launched the first indigenous humanoid robot "Manav" and in which year?
- AIIT Delhi, 2017
- BIIT Bombay, 2015
- CIIT Kanpur, 2016
- DIIT Madras, 2018
Explanation
IIT Kanpur unveiled "Manav" (short for Manavya) in 2016. It is an indigenously developed humanoid capable of walking, grasping objects and responding to voice commands.
8.In the lac operon of *E. coli*, the catabolite activator protein (CAP) binds to DNA only when which intracellular molecule is present at high concentration?
- AcAMP
- BATP
- CNADH
- DFADH₂
Explanation
High levels of cAMP, produced when glucose is scarce, enable CAP to bind the promoter and enhance transcription of the lac operon.
9.Which of the following statements about ‘Metamaterials’ is correct?
- AThey are naturally occurring crystals with high thermal conductivity.
- BThey are engineered structures that can manipulate electromagnetic waves in unconventional ways.
- CThey are biodegradable polymers used for drug delivery.
- DThey refer to composite alloys used in aerospace.
Explanation
Metamaterials are artificially structured materials designed to exhibit properties not found in nature, such as negative refractive index, enabling cloaking and super‑lens applications.
10.In the context of renewable energy, "green hydrogen" is produced by:
- AElectrolysis of water using electricity from fossil‑fuel power plants
- BElectrolysis of water using renewable electricity
- CSteam‑methane reforming with carbon capture
- DThermal cracking of natural gas
Explanation
Green hydrogen is generated when water is split by electrolysis powered exclusively by renewable sources (solar, wind, hydro). This pathway yields zero CO₂ emissions, unlike grey or blue hydrogen.
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